地下水质量评定.docVIP

摘 要 我国共查明地下水天然资源量平均值为8287.7亿 m3，其中可采资源量多年平均值为3527亿m3，全国有7亿以上人口的饮用水取自地下水源。目前，我国地下水降落漏斗区149个，面积已达15.8万km2，城市70%-80%的浅层地下水，30%的深层地下水已被污染。有资料表明，全国有1/4的城市地下水污染面积从数十平方公里到数百平方公里不等，污染因子主要是为酚、氯化物、砷、汞、铬、氟、细菌、油类等。 焦作市位于河南省西北部，土地面积4071km2，人口331万，市区人口约70万。近年来，全市供水总量为10.8亿m3左右，其中取用地下水达7.8亿m3，占供水量的72%。焦作市正面临由水资源短缺引起的“水资源危机”和由于地下水污染带来的“水质危机”。按目前水利工程供水量计算，2005年和2010年，焦作市缺水量分别为5.86亿m3和6.97亿m3，缺口较大。 本文以焦作市地下水为研究对象，通过野外污染源调查、水文地质调查、室内分析，以11个地下水监测井数据为基础，采用“指数评价法”、“内梅罗指数法”、“模糊综合评价法”和“灰色聚类法”等方法对焦作市地下水质量进行了综合评价，为焦作市地下水资源规划、合理开发、污染治理提供了部分建议意见和措施。 关键词：焦作；地下水；污染源调查；监测井；监测因子；综合评价 Abstract China has identified natural groundwater resources of around 828.77 ×109 m3, of which recoverable resources is about 352.7 ×109 m3. Currently more than 700 ×106 people relies on groundwater sources. At present, groundwater depression cone area 149, area has reached 158 thousand km2, 70% city 80% of the shallow groundwater, 30% of the deep groundwater has been polluted. Some data indicate that, there are 1 / 4 of the urban area of ??groundwater contamination from tens of kilometers to hundreds of square kilometers of range, the main pollution factors for phenol, chloride, arsenic, mercury, chromium, fluoride, bacteria, oil, etc. Jiaozuo, Henan Province is located in the northwest, the land area of 4071km2, population 3.31 million, of which the urban population is about 70 million. In recent years, the citys total water supply is about 1.08 billion m3, of which access to groundwater of 780 million m3, accounting for 72% of water supply. Jiaozuo is facing a water shortage caused by the water crisis and the groundwater pollution caused by water quality crisis. At the water conservancy project, water supply at the current calculation, in 2005 and 2010, Jiaozuo water is 586 million m3, respectively, and 697 million m3.the gap is larger. In this paper, Taking Jiaozuo groundwater as the research object, and through the field survey to identify pollution sources, hydrogeology survey, laboratory analysis, Based on the