2018年湖南省茶陵县高中英语 Unit 1 Advertisi Grammar and usage课件 牛津译林版必修4.pptVIP

* Grammar and usage Direct speech and reported speech Reported speech: statements, questions and imperative sentences Look at the following sentences: Tom: What are you going to do this summer holiday? Amy: I am going to travel to Beijing with my parents. Now try to answer: What did Amy say? Amy said that she was going to travel to Beijing with her parents. Direct speech and reported speech What is the difference between direct speech and reported speech? Direct speech is to report what exactly has been said while reported speech or indirect speech is to report what has been said without using exact words. How can we change direct speech into reported speech? We can change direct speech into reported speech by using an object clause or an infinitive phrase. For example: He said, ‘I’m used to such embarrassing comments.’ He said that he was used to such embarrassing comments. ‘We must not give up in the face of pressure!’ she said. She encouraged us not to give up in the face of pressure. Besides the major changes in sentence structure, there are also changes in: Personal pronouns Tenses Adverbials of time and place Other cases Personal pronouns: She said, ‘I did some research.’ She said that she had done some research. Ann said, ‘I have finished this letter.’ Ann said that she had finished that letter. Past perfect Simple past Future in the past Simple future Simple past Simple present Reported speech Direct speech How to change the tenses: Past perfect Past perfect Past perfect Present perfect Past continuous Present continuous Reported speech Direct speech ‘Light travels at a great speed,’ said Ms Li. Ms Li said that light travels at a great speed. Tips: We do not change the tense when we report a proverb or a fact that doesn’t change over time. Adverbials of time and place: e.g. Tom said, ‘I am working here today.’ Tom said he was working there that day. The following table shows other examples: a week