简明语言学第三章笔记.pdf

Chapter 3 Morphology 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Open class and closed class 3.3 Morpheme—the minimal unit of meaning 3.4 Analyzing and inflectional morpheme 3.5 Derivational and inflectional morphemes 3.6 Morphological rules of words formation 3.7 Derivation 3.8 Compounds 3.1 Introduction Morphology refers to the part of the grammar that is concerned with word formation and word structure. 3.2 Open class and closed class 1) Open class words (content words): nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs 2) Closed class words (grammatical words/ functional words): conjunctions, prepositions, articles, pronouns 3.3 Morphemes The morpheme is the minimal units of language that carries information about meaning or function. 1) Features A morpheme is neither a meaning nor a stretch of sound, but a meaning and a stretch of sound joined together 2) Classification free morpheme derivational morphemes free and bound morphemes bound morpheme inflectional morphemes roots and affixes 3) Allomorphs: the variant forms of a morpheme are called its allophemes. an orange a building an hour a minute an interesting article a meaningful article books bags judge s /s/ /z/ /ɪz/ -s 3.4 Analyzing word structure: roots and affixes Complex words typically consist of a root morpheme and one or more affixes. 1) The root constitutes the core of the word and carries the major component of its meaning. Roots typically belong to a lexical category, s