非谓语动词 coco.ppt

非谓语动词 不定式的时态和语态 动词不定式(to do) 1不定式做主语 2不定式做表语 3不定式做宾语 4不定式做宾语补足语 5不定式做定语 6不定式做状语 7不定式用法注意事项 3.不定式作宾语 1) “动词+不定式” 2)“动词+疑问词+不定式” 有些动词可以要求其后的不定式前面加一个连接副（代）词，一起充当宾语。what，when，where，which，how，whether等，但不可以是why。 -ing分词 1-ing分词做主语 2-ing分词做表语 3-ing分词做宾语 4-ing分词做宾语补足语 5-ing分词做定语 6-ing分词做状语 7-ing分词用法注意事项 分词的时态和语态 （1）动名词 My job is teaching. = Teaching is my job. Her full-time job is laying eggs. = Laying eggs is her full-time job. （2）现在分词 The play is exciting. ≠ Exciting is the play. The story he told us was very interesting. ≠Interesting was the story he told us. -ed分词 1-ed分词做表语 2-ed分词做宾语补足语 3-ed分词做定语 4-ed分词做状语 省略to 的不定式（1） cannot but（只得） cannot help but（不得不，只得） had better（最好还是） had rather（宁愿） would rather（宁愿） would sooner（宁愿） may (just) as well（还是...的好） must (just) as well（幸好） rather than（而不是） why not（为什么不） would you please（请您...） help sb. (to) do sth. e.g. He couldnt but accept the terms. do nothing/anything/everything...but/except结构不带to。 Last night I did nothing but watch TV. 昨天晚上，我除了看电视别的什么也没有干。 I have done nothing except do what I should. 我只能做我应该做的事。 医生除了让他戒烟，其它什么都没有说。 The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking. 省去to的不定式（2） 当谓语动词是感官动词see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find和 使役动词let, have, make时，作宾语补语的不定式可以省去to。如果这些动词为被动形式，则要保留to。 I heard him lock the door. 我听到他锁门了。 The boss made them work the whole night. =They were made to work the whole night. 老板让他们整夜干活。(被动语态） having done having been done having done 完成式 doing being done doing 一般式 主 动 被 动 主 动 形式 不及物动词 动 词 及 物 类别 -ing分词的一般式 表示分词的动作与主句谓语的动作同时发生，它的主动语态的形式为-ing分词，被动语态的形式为“being done”。 Walking along the street, I met my former teacher. Living in the downtown, we found a lot of amusements. Having received his letter, I would prepare for the meeting now. -ing分词的完成时 表示分词的动作发生在主句谓语的动作之前，它的主动语态的形式为“having + -ed分词”，被动语态的形式为“having been + -ed分词”。 Having been informed of the news , I was delighted. -ing分词的完成进行时 表示分词的动作从过去开始，一