高中代词知识点.doc

代词 代词是高考考查的重点语法项目之一，也是考生容易出错的项目，因为代词具有较大灵活性。考生在做代词选择填空时最容易犯的错误是1）机械地套用语法规则；2）用汉语思维去分析题意。从高考考查情况看，高考考查最多的是不定代词，因为不定代词是整个代词中最为活跃的部分，其次是名词性物主代词和反身代词。 一、用法 1.人称代词 ①在句中作主语用主格，在句中作宾语,则用宾格； She teaches them physics. ②在句中作表语常用宾格；Who is it? It’s me. 但有时要用主格：It was I who told him the whole story. 在强调句型中,强调的是主语,故I用主格。 ③两个或两个以上的人称代词并列时，其顺序是： 单数按2，3，1人称排列，复数按1，2，3人称顺序排列。 you, she and I ; we, you and they 2.物主代词 ①形容词性物主代词只能作宾语 We love our motherland. ②名词性物主代词可用作主语,表语和宾语 Your coat is black while mine is red. 3.反身代词 ①用作宾语、表语，或主语、宾语的同位语 He teaches himself Japanese every evening.（宾语） She is not quite herself today.她今天身体不太舒服。（表语） I myself can repair the bike.（主语的同位语） ②常用含有反身代词的惯用语归纳 by oneself= alone 独自 for oneself独立、为自己 be oneself处于正常状态,显得自然 enjoy oneself玩得愉快 seat oneself坐下 dress oneself in 给自己穿 devote oneself to专心于、献身于 help oneself to 自行取用、不用客气 come to oneself苏醒 make oneself at home 不要客气 4.指示代词 ①this和that是近指, that和those 是远指 I don’t want this book. I want that one. ②有时为了避免重复，常用that/ those 来代表前面出现过的名词 At this time of year，the weather here is much colder than that in Nanjing. ③this和that都可代表前面提到过的事情,若出现两个名词,指代前面的用that指代较后面的用this；但若指下文将要叙述事情,则只能用this，不能用that。此外，还可用于代替上文中出现过个单数或不可数名词，且后面带有of短语修饰。 Health is above wealth; this cannot give so much happiness as that. 健康胜于财富;财富不会像健康那样带来那么多幸福(句中this=wealth; that=health) They cant afford it. That/this is their problem. What I want you to remember is this :English is of great use.(此句中this不能用that替换) The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Suzhou. ④such的用法 such 一般在句中作定语和主语.用作定语时,它所修饰的名词前的不定冠词应放在之后。 Such is my answer. Such are the results of the exams. I have never seen such beautiful flowers. 用作定语时,它所修饰的名词前的不定冠词应放在such之后such a good book。 5.相互代词 ①在句中可作宾语 They help each other and learn from each other. ②加’s后成为所有格,作定语 They asked about one another’s life and work. 6.不定代词 不定代词种类较多,在使用时应注意其用法与区别。为了便于记忆我们择其重点以表格的形式列出。 不定代词 区 别