苟济帆--家用轿车尾气中pm25排-首都经济贸易大学教务处.docVIP

大学生科研创新项目研究报告 项目名称： 家用轿车尾气中PM2.5排放对北京雾霾天气影响研究 项目类型： 重点项目 项目年度： 2013年 项目负责人： 苟济帆（学号：32011080065） 负责人院（系）： 安全与环境工程学院 专业（方向）： 安全工程（注册安全工程师） 项目组成员： 宋偲雅 指导教师： 孟超 副教授 教务处 制 二〇一四年 摘要 由人类活动导致的室外空气污染每年导致200多万人死亡，这主要是因为大气中PM2.5等悬浮颗粒物浓度上升，对人体肺部造成损害，导致肺癌及其他呼吸系统疾病。目前，我国雾霾天气呈现出三大特点：影响范围广、持续时间长以及污染物浓度高，并且出现的城市大多集中在东部经济较发达地区。最近，雾霾天依然在大范围蔓延，受影响面积约占国土面积的四分之一，受影响人口约六亿人。有分析人士表示，雾霾天气的成因很多，其中汽车尾气已成为一个重大污染源，它与空气中PM2.5含量密切相关。通过对不同类型的家用轿车尾气中PM2.5的含量分析，汽车的尾气排放量和行驶里程数是影响PM2.5排放量大小的主要因素，严重影响着北京市的空气质量指数。 关键词：PM2.5 汽车尾气 显微镜 Abstract Each year ,the outdoor air pollution, which is caused by human activity, is leading to more than 200 people dead, mainly because of the suspended particulate matters in atmosphere, such as PM2.5,whose concentration has increased sharply these years .And they will cause damage to human lungs, even lung cancer and other respiratory diseases. At present, Chinas fog and haze presents three main features: a wide scope and long duration and high pollutant concentration, and appears mostly concentrated in the eastern part of the city 棗uthe more economically developed regions. Recently, fog and haze days are still spreading in a wide range ,and about a quarter of the land area are affected by it.What’s more , a population of about six hundred million people’s lives have been greatly influenced. Some analysts have said ,there are a lot of fog and haze causes, and the automobile exhaust has become one of the major sources of pollution, which is closely related to the density of PM2.5 in air. Through analyzing the PM2.5 content form different types of family car exhaust, exhaust emissions and the number of car mileage are the main factors that affect the size of PM2.5 emissions, which have a serious impact on the air quality index in Beijing. Key words：PM2.5；Automobile exhaust；Microscope目 录 引言 ……………………………………………………………………………… 3 1 研究过程……………………………………………………………………………… 4 1.1研究目标……………………………………………………………………………… 4 1.2研究方法……………………………………………………………………………… 4 1.3样品分析……