NATTI辅导资料.docVIP

澳洲简介 1. European Settlement European contact with the Australian continent was a by product of 16th and 17th century mercantile expansion into Asia by Portugal, Spain and Holland. In 1606 Spanish navigator, Luis Vaez de Torres, sailed through the strait which now bears his name. In the same year a Dutch ship, Duyfken, made the first authenticated landing in Australia, at Cape York. In 1642, Dutchman Abel Tasman reached Tasmania, which he named Van Diemens Land. Other sightings and landings occurred; but it was not until 1770 that the more fertile east coast was sighted by Captain James Cook of the British Royal Navy. British settlement On 13 May 1787, a fleet of 11 ships sailed from England. They reached Botany Bay on 18 January 1788 with 1530 people aboard, 736 of whom were convicts. Eight days later the fleet left to establish a settlement at Port Jackson a few kilometres north. The settlement grew to be Sydney, Australias biggest city. Exploration For many years the rugged Blue Mountains blocked western expansion of the Sydney settlement. Discovery of a passage over the mountains in 1813 opened the way for inland exploration. Settlements were established in Hobart, Tasmania in 1803; on the Brisbane River, Queensland in 1824; on the Swan River, Western Australia in 1829; on Port Phillip Bay, Victoria in 1835; and on Gulf St Vincent, South Australia in 1836. The capital cities of Australias five States have grown from those sites. Population growth and economic expansion prompted the colonies to call for self-government and on 1 January 1901 the six colonies joined in a federation of States, to become the Commonwealth of Australia. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. 欧 洲 人居 澳 洲 欧 洲 人 同 澳 洲 大 陆 的 接 触 是 十 六、 十 七 世 纪 葡 萄 牙、 西 班 牙 和 荷 兰 向 亚 洲 开 展 贸 易 的 副 产 品。 1606 年， 西 班 牙 航 海 家 路 易 斯·瓦 艾 斯·德·托 雷 斯 航 行 驶 过 一 个 目 前 以 他 的 姓 氏 命 名 的 海 峡。 同 年， 荷 兰 船 “杜 伊 夫 根” 号 到 达 约