英语国家概况 chapter_1.ppt

English-Speaking Countries Requirements: Preview the text according to the questions after each chapter. Your performance will be recorded and added to your final scores. Chapter one Land and People I. Different names for Britain and its Parts: Britain the United Kingdom the U.K. Great Britain the British Isles England Political divisions How many political divisions? England Scotland on the island of GB Wales Northern Ireland The British Commonwealth of Nations in 1931 The Commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. Member nations are joined together economically and have certain trading arrangements. (50 members, 1991) II. Geographical Features a. an island country b. separated from Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. c. the narrowest part of the English Channel between England and France is only 33 km. “Chunnel” is a channel tunnel under the straits of Dover (1994) At the time it was being built, the Chunnel was the most expensive construction project ever conceived. It took $21 billion to complete the tunnel. Thats 700 times more expensive than the cost to build the Golden Gate Bridge! When construction began in 1988, British and French tunnel workers raced to reach the middle of the tunnel first. The British won. Many of the tunnel boring machines used on the Chunnel were as long as two football fields and capable of boring 250 feet a day. d. The overall feature of the land: With the North-West slowly rising and the South-East slowly sinking: The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands; the east and south-east are mostly lowlands. 1. England 2. Scotland Mountains, lakes and islands The three natural zones:the Highlands in the norththe central Lowlandsthe southern Uplands Edinburgh 爱丁堡?????? 爱丁堡是南部低地的中心，也是苏格兰的首都，充满了苏格兰独