应用电化学-Chapter 1.ppt

Chapter 1   Fundamentals of  Electrochemistry The research object of electrochemistry An electrochemical reaction is a heterogeneous（异相） chemical process involving the transfer of charges taking place at the interface between the electronic conductor and ionic conductor. Characteristics of electrochemical reactions Special heterogeneous catalysis redox reaction ◆Heterogeneous catalysis reaction electrode------catalyst ◆Speciality: double electric layer（双电层） and surface electric field Studying methods Thermodynamics (reverse system) Kinetics of electrode process (irreversible system) 1?? Basic electrochemical devices2 Some common types of electrode processes 3 Electronic conductors and ionic conductors 4. Faraday’s laws of electrolysis5. Electromotive force and Electrode potential 1.1.1?? Basic electrochemical devices (Electrochemical reactors) Two kinds of electrochemical devices: Galvanic cell （原电池） Electrolytic cell（电解池） The basic components of cells: anode（阳极） cathode（阴极） electrolyte （电解质） Anode: positive charge from electrode into solution (oxidation) Cathode: positive charge from solution to electrode (reduction) Electrode: working electrode (WE) A counter electrode (CE) B reference electrode (RE) C 1.1.2 Some common types of electrode processes 1.1.3 Electronic conductors  and ionic conductors (1) Electronic conductors (the first conductors) (commonly known as electrodes): metal, carbon, semiconductor Energy band theory valence band Ev（价带） conduction band Ec（导带） forbidden band(energy gap) Eg（禁带或能隙） conductor, semiconductor and insulator (2) Ionic conductors (the second conductors) Electrolyte: A substance present in solution or in a melt which is at least partly in the form of charged species----ions. Properties o