7做-Brain development.pdfVIP

《基础神经科学》 Chapter 7 The Structure of the Nervous System •神经系统基本结构 •神经系统发育 •大脑皮层 中国科学技术大学生命科学学院 陈聚涛 1、神经系统基本结构 聪明不是由脑袋大 小所决定的。 ipsilateral contralateral 解剖学术语1 解剖学术语2 矢状面 可同时过双眼和双耳 水平面 冠状面 可同时过双眼或双耳 鼠脑中枢神经系统组成 The Central Nervous System -Cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem -Spinal Cord 外周神经系统： -躯体： Innervates skin, joints, muscles -内脏 Innervates internal organs, blood vessels, glands root ganglia: Clusters of neuronal cell bodies outside the spinal cord that contain 脊神经 somatic sensory axons  脑膜 （Meninges）  Three membranes that surround the brain • Dura mater 硬脑膜 • Arachnoid membrane 蛛网膜 • Pia mater 软脑膜 脑室系统the ventricular system Brain floats in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) -脑室 （Ventricles ）: CSF-filled caverns and canals inside brain -脉络丛 （Choroid plexus ）specialized tissue in ventricles that secretes CSF -CSF circulates through ventricles; reabsorbed in subarachnoid space 由脑室中的脉络从生成，从侧脑室经脑干到小 脑基底部，离开脑室系统进入蛛网膜下腔。 脑积水治疗 Hydrocephalus 2、神经系统发育 Ventricular System and the CNS  The CNS forms from the walls of a fluid-filled neural tube  The inside of the tube becomes ventricular system  The neural tube •Endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm •Neural plate , neural groove •Fusion of neural folds  Neural tube (forms CNS neurons)  Neural crest (forms PNS neurons) 神经系统是由神经管管壁发育形成