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ACCAF5人学习免费试听.PDF
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Specialist cost and management
accounting techniques
1 Activity based costing
(a) Identify appropriate cost drivers under ABC.
(b) Calculate costs per driver and per unit using ABC.
(c) Compare ABC and traditional methods of overhead absorption based on production units,
labour hours or machine hours.
In paper F2 Management Accounting, we met traditional absorption costing, where the overheads of a
particular cost centre are all absorbed on the same basis (e.g. labour hours).
With activity based costing the overheads of a particular cost centre are split into their component
parts or cost pools and then absorbed using a number of different absorption bases or cost drivers.
Cost drivers are those factors which cause the overheads to rise or fall (e.g. quality management costs
will depend upon the number of quality inspections). ABC will, in theory, give more accurate product
costs in situations where overheads are;
a large proportion of production costs
caused by a wide range of diverse and complex processes
Also, if products are tailor made to individual customer needs then ABC may provide a clearer picture
of the usage of overhead driving activities such as order processing and support.
In traditional absorption costing one single overhead rate (overhead absorption rate or OAR) is
calculated based on the following;
OAR = Budgeted overhead/Budgeted activity level (e.g. labour hours
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