甜玉米种子特性及全苗技术.pdfVIP

中国农学通报 2009,25(22): 146-151 Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 甜玉米种子特性与全苗技术 陈树玉 （福建省种植业技术推广总站，福州350003） 摘 要：甜玉米基因抑制籽粒淀粉合成，从而影响种子发芽出苗。提高发芽率、出苗率，促进全苗，确保单 位面积基本株数是获得产量的基础。综述了甜玉米种子形成、苗期生长特点，播种出苗技术要领以及浸 种、拌种，种子包衣，育苗移栽，地膜覆盖，种子储藏等相关研究结果。甜玉米的采收期影响着种子质量 及发芽率；低温、安全含水量对于保存种子活力十分有利，植物生长延缓剂等处理对延缓种子老化有一 定效果；三十烷醇、双氧水等浸种，植物生长调节物质、种子包衣技术等处理对甜玉米种子萌发及幼苗生 长有促进作用；选择好种子和土壤，掌握播种温度、深度，施足基肥是促进甜玉米壮苗早发手段；育苗移 栽、覆膜栽培技术能较好弥补甜玉米播种出苗方面的先天不足。 关键词：甜玉米；发芽率；全苗；技术 中图分类号：S351 ；S352 ；S359 文献标识码：A 论文编号：2009-1734 Characteristics and Full Stand Technique of Sweet Corn Seed Chen Shuyu (Fujian Central Station for Technical Extension of Crop Farming, Fuzhou 350003) Abstract: The genes of sweet corn (Zea Mays L. var. saccharata Sturt) restrain starch synthesis, which affects its seed germination and emergence. High germination rate, high emergence rate, full stand of seeding and ba⁃ sic number of plants per unit area are essential to yield. This article overviews seed formation, development characteristics of seeding stage and techniques of sowing, seedling emergence and related study results on sweet corn seed soaking, dressing, coating, transplanting, film mulching, storage: harvesting time influences sweet corn seed quality and germination rate; low temperature and safe moisture content are very favorable to preserve seed vigor; plant growth retardants have effects to control seed aging; soaking with triacontanol or hy⁃ drogen peroxide, plant growth regulators, dressing can promote seed germination and growth of seedlings; seed selection, suitable soil and temperature, sowing depth and enough base fertilize