文化研究第二讲.ppt

* Lecture 2 Cultural Studies Language and Media: the representation of culture I. Language 1. How can language community members understand what is being said? Expl. 1 鸡 鸭 小姐 同志 山寨 亲 你妹 ...... Semantic universality to share information to learn the accumulated knowledge of their community without having to experience things at first hand to make both specific and abstract statements to speak in the present about events in the past or to anticipate events in the future—the ‘displacement feature’ of language enables people: functions: socially, culturally constructed The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis: Language creates mental categories through which humans make sense of the world. 2. What is relationship between language and thought? 3. Is language a neutral representation of culture? understanding and communication through language depend on: customary meanings attached to words customary ways of speaking in given social and cultural settings Expl. 2 Language,power and inequality Expl. 3 Characteristics of male and female talk Male talk Hierarchies Independence Information Attention Big talk Superiority powerful female talk Network Intimacy Sharing Symmetry Small talk Inferiority powerless Alternative strategies to avoid sexist language (1)sexist: Each respondent was asked whether he wished to participate in the survey. Anti-sexist: Respondents were asked whether they wished to participate in the suryvey. (2)sexist: The child should be given ample time to familiarise himself with the test material. Anti-sexist: Ample time should be allowed for the child to become familiar with the test material. Police officer policeman Craftsperson craftspeople Carftsman Workforce, staff, labour, power,employees Manpower Supervisor Foreman Chiar Chairman Synthetic, artificial, manufactured Man-made Layperson, non expert Layman Men and women, humanity, humankind Mankind Anti-sexist Sexist Anti-sexist language 1. Photography and painting 《北洋画报》 1936年第1460期