08陈方炜b.201201金中上课原子结构xub1.ppt

Atomic Orbitals s orbital properties: There is one s orbital per n level. ? = 0 , 1 value of m? s orbitals are spherically symmetric. Atomic Orbitals p orbital properties: The first p orbitals appear in the n = 2 shell. p orbitals are peanut or dumbbell shaped volumes. They are directed along the axes of a Cartesian coordinate system. Atomic Orbitals d orbital properties: The first d orbitals appear in the n = 3 shell. The five d orbitals have two different shapes: 4 are clover leaf shaped. 1 is peanut shaped with a doughnut around it. The orbitals lie directly on the Cartesian axes or are rotated 45o from the axes. Atomic Orbitals f orbital properties: The first f orbitals appear in the n = 4 shell. The f orbitals have the most complex shapes. There are seven f orbitals per n level. The f orbitals have complicated names. They have an ? = 3 m? = -3,-2,-1,0,+1,+2, +3 --7 values of m? The f orbitals have important effects in the lanthanide and actinide elements. The Periodic Table and Electron Configurations The Periodic Table and Electron Configurations The Periodic Table and Electron Configurations Electron Configurations n=1 n=2 n=3 There are 3 p orbitals per n level. The three orbitals are named px, py, pz. They have an ? = 1. m? = -1,0,+1 3 values of m? l = 1 (p orbitals) Atomic Orbitals There are 5 d orbitals per n level. The five orbitals are named They have an ? = 2. m? = -2,-1,0,+1,+2 --5 values of m ? 3d orbital: n=3, l=2, m = 0, n=3, l=2, m=0 n=3, l=2 n=3, l=2 n=3, l=2 n=3, l=2 链接 电子层（n）电子亚层（l）轨道数 电子数 1 1s 12 2×12 2 2s 2p 1+3=22 2×22 3 3s 3p 3d 1+3+5=32 2×32 4 4s 4p 4d 4f 1+3+5+7=42 2×42 n n2 2n2 练习 假定某个星球上的元素服从下面的量子数限制： n = 1、2、3……; l = 0、1、2……(n-1) ； m =