细胞学1 JLL Bio2000 ShT 2017 A Brief History of Cell Biology v4.pdfVIP

A Brief History of Cell Biology 20th Feb 2017 Bio2000 Cell Biology The discovery of cells Fo r, a s t o t he f i rst , s i nc e o u r Microscope info rms us t hat t he s ubsta nce of Co rk is a ltoget he r filld wit h Air, and t hat t hat A ir is perfect ly enclosed in litt le Boxes or Cells distinct from one another. The strength and beauty of this small creature, had it no other relation at all to man, would deserve a description. H a v i n g a p r e t t y l a r g e corner of t he Plate for t he seve n Sta rs, void, fo r t he f illing it up, I have added one small Specimen of t he appearance of t he parts of the Moon, … Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) Robert Brown • Discovery of the nucleus (1828) Matthias Schleiden Theodor Schwann Karl Nageli – Cell division Robert Remak Rudolf Virchow Cell theory • All living things are made of cells. • The cell is the basic unit of all living things. • Cells only come from pre-existing cells. The emergence of modern cell biology • Cytology • Biochemistry • Genetics Cytology Light microscope Transmission electron microscope (T EM) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) ST ED PALM/STORM Biochemistry Friedrich Wohler (1828) synthesises urea in the lab Louis Pasteur 1920s-1930s German biochemists • Gustav Embden • Otto Meyerhof • Otto Warburg • Hans Krebs Subcellular fractionation Chromatography Electrophoresis Genetics Gregor Mendel Walther Flemming Chromosomes Rediscovery of Mendel’s observations • Carl Correns (Germany) • Ernst von Tschermak (Austria) • Hugo de Vries (Holland) Walter Sutton Thomas Hunt Morgan Oswald Avery 1944 Watson Crick, 1953 In situ hybridization