小麦诱发突变技术育种研究进展-生物技术通报.PDFVIP

生物技术通报 ·技术与方法· BIOTECHNOLOGY BULLETIN ( ) 2017, 33 3 :45-51 小麦诱发突变技术育种研究进展 于沐  周秋峰 （郑州市农林科学研究所，郑州 450005） 摘 要 ： 诱发突变育种技术是利用射线、离子、中子等物理辐射因素及空间环境诱变种子或植物离体组织，获得有益突变体， 缩短育种周期的育种技术。据国际诱变育成品种数据库的不完全统计，截至2016 年5 月，世界上60 多个国家在214 种植物上诱 变了超过3 200 个正式发布的突变品种，21 个国家诱变了254 个小麦突变体，其中我国诱变小麦164 个，占总量超过64% 而位居 世界第一。综述了诱变技术在小麦育种方面的成就，概述了获得的小麦农艺性状、产量、品质等性状突变，并对今后小麦诱变育 种的目标及方法进行了展望。以期为小麦诱变育种的进一步发展提供借鉴，促进现代物理农业的应用及发展。 关键词 ： 小麦；诱变育种 ；诱变因素 ；突变类型 DOI ：10.13560/ki.biotech.bull.1985.2017.03.007 Research Advances on Induced Mutation Breeding Techniques of Wheat YU Mu ZHOU Qiu-feng （Agricultural and Forestry Science Institute of Zhengzhou ，Zhengzhou 450005 ） Abstract: Induced mutation breeding is a technology that uses physical radiation factors of ray，ion and neutron as well as the spaceflight environment to induce the seeds or in vitro tissues of plants，thus the advantageous mutants are obtained，and the breeding cycle is shortened. According to incomplete statistics of the FAO/IAEA database，up to May 2016，more than 3200 officially mutant cultivars in 214 crop species are released in more than 60 countries of the world. And 254 wheat mutants have been released by 21 countries，and 164 wheat mutants of which are in China and accounts for 64% of total，which is the top one in the world. This article summarizes the domestic achievements of inducing techniques for wheat breeding，outlines the mutations of traits such as wheat agronomic traits，yield and quality traits，and forecasts the goals and methods of induced mutation in wheat breeding. Those aim to