心肺复苏英文教学幻灯1.ppt

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation What we study today : the methods of endotracheal intubation endotracheal intubation indications equipments endotracheal tube laryngoscope methods Indications To provide a patent airway Equipments endotracheal tube laryngoscope stylet bite block oxygen source bag mask an endotracheal tube consists of : a tube : free of toxic or irritant properties -Clinical use of the tube is generally dictated by the internal diameter that limits air flow__ID -The external diameter of the tube depends on the internal diameter and on the thickness of the tube’s wall, which varies among manufacturers__ED -French size reflects the circumference, the product of external diameter and П__F a low pressure ,high-volume cuff :designed to accommodate a relatively large volume of inflation before pressure rises. High pressure in the cuff is transmitted to the tracheal mucosa where it can cause ischemic injury. a hole :cut in the wall opposite to the bevel This hole is designed to allow gas passage if the bevel lumen is occluded. a connector :the connection between the tube and ventilator(anesthesia machine). a one-way valve :has a sealing function -After insertion, the cuff should be inflated so that there is no air leak on positive-pressure inspiration. -This will allow for reasonable airway protection from aspiration without excessive lateral wall pressure. -Cuff pressures that afford good protection (20-25mmHg) are just below perfusion pressure of the tracheal mucosa(25-35mmHg). The formula to predict the required tube size and the distance of insertion the tube size: ID=age/4 + 4 the distance of insertion : age/2 + 12(cm) (2 years old) laryngoscope The standard laryngoscope consists of a detachable blade with removable bulb that connects to a battery-containing handle. Each of the standard blades has a flange for displacing the tongue to the side and an open side for visualization of t