宏观经济课件(英文版).pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * ? 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. ? 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. * Macroeconomics 1st editionbyRobert J. BarroStanford’s Hoover Institution and NBER PowerPoint Slide Presentation Philip Heap, James Madison University * Chapter 1Thinking About Macroeconomics  * The U.S. Economy: 1869-2005 What variables would you look at to gauge the performance of an economy? Output or Production: Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP) Unemployment Inflation Rate * Long Run Trend in U.S. Real GDP g = 3.5% * ?? ?? ?? ??: ??? ? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?4? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? (??, ???? ??) ?? ?? * Long Run Trend in U.S. Real GDP Calculating growth rates: Growth rate = [(Yt – Yt-1)/Yt-1] x 100 g1869-2005 RGDP = 3.5% Another measure for long run growth is per capita RGDP. g1869-2005 per capita RGDP = 2.0% What do the two numbers tell you about the population growth rate? g population = 1.5% * Economic Fluctuations: Business Cycles Year to year the economy’s actual growth in RGDP vary around the long run trend. Recessions Expansions (booms) * Growth of U.S. Real GDP War expansion. Conspiracy? * Unemployment Unemployment rate The fraction of workers who have no job but are seeking work. Read the definition again. It leaves much room for personal ideology even among economists. * U.S. Unemployment Rate: 1890-2005 * Growth of U.S. Real GDP The great moderation * U.S. Price Level What do you notice about the price level before and after WWII? * The Price Level and Inflation Inflation Rate = [(Pt – Pt-1)/Pt-1] x 100 * Inflation * Economic Models An economic model allows us to use exogenous variables to explain endogenous variables ie causal relation between economic variables eg Nobel Laureate Granger test