制造方法第1-2章-a2王时龙.ppt

CHAPTER 2 JOINING PROCESSES ELECTRON BEAM WELDING Applications For welding turbine blades. Since it is done in a vacuum, the danger of oxidation is negligible. Electron beam welding is losing popularity because of the troublesome vacuum that is required. Figure 2-18 Electron beam welding CHAPTER 2 JOINING PROCESSES Advantages: 1. Energy easily controlled (a) short pulses broadly focused for wide shallow welds, (b) long pulses sharply focused for deep narrow weld. 2. Tiny HAZ (0.1mm). Disadvantage: A high vacuum is needed. Much time is spend evacuating the chamber. Figure 2-18 Electron beam welding CHAPTER 2 JOINING PROCESSES Thank you CHAPTER 2 JOINING PROCESSES Non-ferrous metals Such metals require special welding techniques, depending on their properties, e.g., affinity for atmospheric gases, ease of oxidation, thermal conductivity, changes in material properties caused by heat. Note: Steels are considered unweldable if the equivalent C content, Ceq exceeds 0.5%. This is a rule of thumb employed in this region. Mn manganese , Cr chromium Ni nickel, V tungsten Cu copper Mo molybdenum CHAPTER 1 METAL FORMING 2.3 GAS WELDING CHAPTER 2 JOINING PROCESSES Advantages: 1. Equipment is cheap, portable, versatile. 2. No electrical supply needed. 3. Can weld thin sheets because temperature Applications : 1. When electricity is not available, e.g.new construction sites. 2. For welding thin sheets below 2mm. Figure 2-8 Welding method CHAPTER 2 JOINING PROCESSES Welding flux Flux in the form of powder, grains or paste can be used to protect the weld joint from the atmosphere during welding. Roles of flux 1. Prevents contact of the molten metal with the atmosphere . 2. Removes impurities form the molten weld deposit. 3. Provides a slag blanket to decrease the cooling rate and carry off impurities. 4. Stabilities the arc . 5. Reduces oxides . 6. Forms plasma for the arc current . 7. Reduces splatter of the weld metal . 8. Electr