高分子英语Chapter1 English-3.ppt

1. MOLECULES AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE 2. SUBSTANCES 3. REACTIONS 3.1 polymerization The process of converting a monomer or a mixture of monomers into a polymer.;3.2 oligomerization The process of converting a monomer or a mixture of monomers into an oligomer. Note An oligomerization by chain reaction carried out in the presence of a large amount of chain-transfer agent, so that the end-groups are essentially fragments of the chain-transfer agent, is termed telomerization.;3.3 homopolymerization Polymerization in which a homopolymer is formed. 3.4 copolymerization Polymerization in which a copolymer is formed. 3.5 co-oligomerization Oligomerization in which a co-oligomer is formed.;3.6 chain polymerization A chain reaction in which the growth of a polymer chain proceeds exclusively by reaction(s) between monomer(s) and reactive site(s) on the polymer chain with regeneration of the reactive site(s) at the end of each growth step. Notes 1. A chain polymerization consists of initiation and propagation reactions, and may also include termination and chain transfer reactions.;notes to 3.6 chain polymerization 2. The adjective chain in chain polymerization denotes a chain reaction rather than a polymer chain. 3. Propagation in chain polymerization usually occurs without the formation of small molecules. However, cases exist where a low-molar-mass by-product is formed, as in the polymerization of oxazolidine-2,5-diones derived from amino acids (commonly termed amino-acid N-carboxy anhydrides). When a low-molar-mass by-product is formed, the adjective condensative is recommended to give the term condensative chain polymerization.;;3.7 polycondensation A polymerization in which the growth of polymer chains proceeds by condensation reactions between molecules of all degrees of polymerization. Notes 1. The growth steps are expressed by Px + Py → Px+y + L {x} ∈{1, 2, … ∞}; {y} ∈ {1, 2, … ∞} where Px and Py denote chains of degree of polymerization x and y, respectively, an