高分子英语Chapter1 English-2.ppt

2. SUBSTANCES 2.1 monomer A substance composed of monomer molecules 2.2 polymer A substance composed of macromolecules.;2.3 oligomer A substance composed of oligomer molecules. Note An oligomer obtained by telomerization is often termed a telomer.;2.4 homopolymer A polymer derived from one species of (real, implicit or hypothetical) monomer. Notes 1. Many polymers are made by the mutual reaction of complementary monomers. These monomers can readily be visualized as reacting to give an “implicit monomer”, the homopolymerization of which would give the actual product, which can be regarded as a homopolymer. Common examples are poly(ethylene terephthalate) and poly(hexamethylene adipamide).;Notes (2.4 homopolymer) 2. Some polymers are obtained by the chemical modification of other polymers such that the structure of the macromolecules that constitute the resulting polymer can be thought of as having been formed by the homopolymerization of a hypothetical monomer. These polymers can be regarded as homopolymers. Example: poly(vinyl alcohol).;2.5 copolymer A polymer derived from more than one species of monomer. Note Copolymers that are obtained by copolymerization of two monomer species are sometimes termed bipolymers, those obtained from three monomers terpolymers, those obtained from four monomers quaterpolymers, etc..;2.6 pseudo-copolymer An irregular polymer, the molecules of which are derived from only one species of monomer but which display a variety of structural features more appropriate for description in copolymer terms. Note Where appropriate, adjectives specifying the types of copolymer may be applied to pseudocopolymer. The term statistical pseudo-copolymer, for instance, may be used to describe an irregular polymer in the molecules of which the sequential distribution of configurational units obeys known statistical laws.;2.10 random copolymer A copolymer consisting of macromolecules in which the probability of finding a given monomeric unit at any given