早熟温州蜜柑结果母枝留果量对果实生长发育影响.docVIP

早熟温州蜜柑结果母枝留果量对果实生长发育影响 　　摘要：为了给早熟温州蜜柑（Citrus unshiu Marc.）的疏花疏果、适时施肥和果实适期采收等田间管理提供理论依据，并为贵州省制定温州蜜柑栽培技术规范提供参考，试验用2年时间测量了十一年生、十二年生早熟温州蜜柑品种宫川（C. unshiu cv. Miyagawa）果实的纵径、横径动态变化，比较了单枝结果母枝留果量对果实生长发育的影响。结果表明，宫川在贵州省栽培，果实的纵径、横径生长量年变化规律是开始生长较快，然后变慢，直到10月以后进入缓慢生长期，最后随果实成熟期的到来，其生长曲线趋于平缓。年生长发育过程中有4次生长高峰，呈逐渐上升的“S”形曲线变化；并且果实的净增长量也有4次生长高峰，呈双 “S”形曲线变化；其中纵径生长与横径生长是交替进行的，但纵径的生长势强于横径。从不同单枝结果母枝留果量处理对宫川果实纵径、横径的生长影响来看，留果量能直接影响宫川果实纵径与横径的生长量和净增长量、生长高峰出现的时间、起伏程度和生长高峰的次数，单枝留果2个、3个的处理果实生长发育情况、果实外观质量优于单枝结果母枝留果4个的对照。为此建议，贵州省在6月上旬和7月上旬为早熟温州蜜柑壮果肥的最佳施用时期，结合根外追肥效果会更好；采收期以9月底为宜。单枝结果母枝留果量以2～3个为首选，当然在实际生产中实施疏花疏果还要结合树龄大小、树势强弱、结果母枝多少、控制大小年结果现象等因素来确定合适的留果量。 关键词：温州蜜柑（Citrus unshiu Marc.）；早熟品种；果实；生长发育；结果母枝；留果量 中图分类号：S666.23+1；Q944.59；Q945.3 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2013）12-2820-05 Influence of Reserved Fruit Number of Early-Maturing Satsuma Orange Fruit Bearing Branch on Fruit Growth and Development JIN Fang-lun，WAN Min，ZHOU Guang-ping，LI Ming，YANG Li-juan，AO Xue-xi，HAN Cheng-min，XU Qiong （Guizhou Institute of Sericulture Pepper， Zunyi 563007， Guizhou， China） Abstract： In order to provide theoretical basis for field management of early-maturing satsuma orange（Citrus unshiu Marc.） including flower and fruit thinning， timely fertilization and harvesting， and provide reference for establishing cultivation technology standards of satsuma orange and cultivation techniques in Guizhou province. The dynamic change of fruit longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter of 11-year-old and 12-year-old early-maturing satsuma orange cultivar Miyagawa （C. unshiu cv. Miyagawa） was tested in 2 continuous years. The impact of reserved fruit number on one fruit bearing branch on fruit growth and development was studied. Results showed that annual variation of longitudinal and transverse diameter of Miyagawa fruit in Guizhou was fast in the beginning and then slow down， entered slow growth period in October， and was stable in mature period. There were 4 growth peaks in the annual growth process of fruit， sho