七制分子生物复习.docVIP

Replication复制, transcription转录 and translation转移 Questions: What is semi-discontinuous replication? The leading strand copies continuously The lagging strand copies in segments (Okazaki fragments) which must be joined Which enzymes and protein participate in DNA synthesis? What functions do they exert in the replication process? 原核Initiation of Replication： 1）DnaA is a replication initiation factor which promotes the unwinding of DNA at oriC during DNA replication in E.coli. 2）DnaB (helicase) moves along a DNA strand opening up the duplex to melt and separate the DNA strands.bind to DnaG initiating primer synthesis. 3）Single-stranded binding proteins (SSBs) stabilize single-stranded DNA，prevent from reannealing(不覆盖碱基，不影响ssDNA作为复制模板) 4）DnaG(Primase) catalyzes synthesis of short RNA molecules that function as primers for DNA synthesis in E. coli. Primase binds to DnaB protein at oriC and forms a primosome.（可在随从链中移动） 5）Type I topoisomerase cuts one strand of a DNA double helix, relaxation occurs, and then the cut strand is religeted. Type II topoisomerase cuts both strands of one DNA double helix, passes another unbroken DNA helix through it, and then religetes the cut strands. Topoisomerase removes supercoils produced by DNA unwinding at the replication fork Elongation of Replication： DNA polymerase:The enzymes that replicate DNA .The incoming base is selected within the DNA polymerases active site.Chain growth is in the 5’ to 3’ direction. Pol I: Gap filling during DNA synthesis and repair, removal of RNA primers Pol II: Involved in DNA synthesis of damaged templates Pol III: Functional polymerase at the replication fork Termination of Replication: RNAse: remove RNA primers DNA polymerase I: The RNA primer is removed(the last nuclotide) and replaced with DNA by polymerase I DNA ligase: seals the gaps between Okazaki fragments with a phosphodiester bond 真核： 1）DNA polymerases in eukaryotic cells α→has a primase subunit and functions in initiations synthesizes the