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15 This list is based on conclusions of numerous scientific groups, listed below: References: California Environmental Protection Agency and Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. Health effects of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. California Environmental Protection Agency; 1997. National Research Council and Committee on Passive Smoking. Environmental tobacco smoke: measuring exposures and assessing health effects. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1986. UK Scientific Committee on Tobacco and Health. Report of the Scientific Committee on Tobacco and Health. The Stationery Office. March 1998; 0 11 322124X. US Department of Health and Human Services. The health consequences of involuntary smoking. A Report of the Surgeon General. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; 1986. US Environmental Protection Agency. Respiratory health effects of passive smoking: lung cancer and other disorders. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; 1992; EPA/600/006F. 21 Maternal smoking and ETS exposure have been studied as causes of SIDS using the case-control study design. For example, Mitchell and colleagues conducted a case-control study in New Zealand to investigate the major risk factors for SIDS, including exposure to ETS. One hundred and twenty eight SIDS cases identified in several New Zealand health districts between November 1987 and October 1988 were matched to three to four controls (503 controls total). ETS exposure was assessed through a parental questionnaire on tobacco usage. A significant association was demonstrated (odds ratio 1.7) between postnatal maternal smoking and SIDS; this association remained significant after adjustment for possible confounders. A dose–response relationship was also observed between maternal smoking and SIDS; the odds ratio for an infant dying from SIDS was 1.9 (95% confidence interval: 1.0, 3.5) for mothers smoking 1 to 9 cigarettes/day, 2.6 (95% CI: 1.5, 4.7) for mothers smoking 10 to 19 cigaret