WB-Mech_NL_120_Ch01 概述.ppt

Three main issues arise whenever you do a nonlinear finite element analysis: Obtaining a converged solution Balancing expense,…that is…run time, iteration count and file sizes,with accuracy (or quality of results) Verifying results is always an important aspect of FEA and as the analysis becomes more complex, this step is even more critical. It takes care and skill to juggle these three issues successfully! We will now discuss each of these issues separately. Obtaining a converged solution is usually your biggest challenge. The solution must start within the radius of convergence. However, there is no way to determine the radius of convergence! If the solution converges, the start was within the radius. If the solution fails to converge, the start was outside the radius. Trial-and-error may be needed to obtain convergence. Experience and training will reduce this trial-and-error effort. Difficult problems might require many load increments, and many iterations at each load increment, to reach convergence. When many iterations are required, the overall solution time increases. Balancing expense Vs. accuracy All FEA analysis involves a balance between expense and accuracy. There is a trade-off between elapsed time, disk, memory requirements AND accuracy. More detail and a finer mesh generally lead to a more accurate solution, but require more time and system resources. Nonlinear analyses add an extra factor, the number of load increments, which affects both accuracy and expense. More load increments will often improve the accuracy, but will also generally increase the expense. Other nonlinear parameters, such as contact stiffness, can also affect both accuracy and expense. An engineering judgment is always required to determine how much accuracy you need and how much expense you can afford. Finally, Verification. In a nonlinear analysis, as in any finite-element analysis, you must verify your results. Due to the increased complexity of nonlinear behavior, nonlin