天然气压缩机结构与工作原理.ppt

压缩机基本工作原理 当曲轴旋转时，通过连杆的传动，活塞便做往复运动，由气缸内壁、气缸盖和活塞顶面所构成的工作容积则会发生周期性变化。活塞从气缸盖处开始运动时，气缸内的工作容积逐渐增大，这时，气体即沿着进气管，顶开进气阀而进入气缸，直到工作容积变到最大时为止，进气阀关闭；活塞反向运动时，气缸内工作容积缩小，气体压力升高，当气缸内压力达到并略高于排气压力时，排气阀打开，气体排出气缸，直到活塞运动到上止点位置为止，排气阀关闭。当活塞再次反向运动时，上述过程重复出现。总之，曲轴旋转一周，活塞往复一次，实现包括膨胀、吸气、压缩和排气四个过程的工作循环，从而不断吸入、压缩并排出气体。 压缩机基本构造 活塞式压缩机主要由传动机构、工作部件及机身构成，此外还有润滑、冷却、调节等辅助系统。传动系统是曲柄连杆机构，由电机、发动机通过皮带或联轴器带动曲轴旋转，连杆的大头装在曲轴上，其小头与十字头相连，因而，曲轴通过连杆带动十字头在滑道内作往复运动，再由十字头带动活塞组件在气缸内作往复运动。由一根连杆对应的气缸活塞组为一列。 工作部件包括气缸、气阀、活塞组件及填料等。气缸的内表面与活塞工作端面所形成的空间是实现气体压缩的工作腔。气阀是装在气缸上控制气体作单向流动的，吸气阀只能吸气，排气阀只能排气。气阀的启动动作主要由缸内外压力差及气阀弹簧控制。活塞在气缸内作往复运动时，使工作腔的容积作周期变化，它与吸、排气阀的启动动作相配合，实现包括膨胀、吸气、压缩和排气四个过程的工作循环，从而不断吸入、压缩并排出气体。 压缩机的润滑分两个系统。一个供传动机构的润滑，靠轴头的齿轮油泵循环供油实现强制润滑；另一个供气缸内活塞组件等润滑，靠高压注油器注入气缸。 Top View 机组俯视图 Left Side View 机组左视图 Right Side View 机组右视图 Compressor Picture 机组整体左侧照片 Compressor Picture 机组整体右侧照片 Compressor Picture 机组前端照片 By now, you should understand how a compressor cylinder works and what the purpose of each component is. Now just a couple of theoretical points before we proceed. Compressing gas requires work or “horsepower” due to the mass of the gas and the pressure in which the gas is being pushed against. As the pressure increases during the stroke, so does the force required to move the piston back and forth. The greater the force, the greater the load applied to the piston rod. If the load on the rod becomes excessive, the piston rod could break. For this reason, there is a limit on the pressure rise, or, compression ratio, across the cylinder. This limit is approximately four times the absolute inlet pressure, or, a 4:1 compression ratio. Normally the inlet pressure working on the piston face helps to push the piston against the discharge pressure. As the inlet pressure gets farther away from discharge pressure, more and more load is demanded out of the rod. In this case, the effect of the inlet pressure on the piston is minimal. Another reason the compression ratio might be limited is because of excessive