论文摘要写作注意要点Abstract writing.ppt

Abstract Writing Definition and components of an abstract Samples of abstract writing Difference between summary and abstract Abstract Abstract An abstract is a short summary of your completed research. If done well, it makes the reader want to learn more about your research. It is a condensed version of a longer piece of writing that highlights the major points covered， concisely describes the content and scope of the writing， and reviews the writing’s content in abbreviated form． (正文的浓缩,突出要点,简单描述,回顾) An abstract should be: clear, grammatically accurate, exact, and stylistically uniform(文体统一) impersonal and noncritical (客观公正) for a general academic paper，it is usu. about100 to 250 words in length． present or past tense． third person should be used General functions of abstract 1. It frames the writer’s ideas for readers 2. Identifies the writer’s contribution for readers A well-prepared abstract enables readers to identify the basic content of a document quickly and accurately, to determine its relevance to their interests, and thus to decide whether they need to read the document in its entirety (American National Standards Institute, 1979b). The Abstract should not exceed 250 words and should be designed to define clearly what is dealt with in the paper. The Abstract should be typed as a single paragraph. The Abstract should (1) state the principal objectives/purpose and scope of the investigation； (2) describe the methods employed； (3) summarize the results； (4) state the principal conclusions. When writing the Abstract, examine every word carefully. If you can tell your story in 100 words, do not use 200. Most of the Abstract should be written in the past tense, because it refers to work done. The Abstract should never give any information or conclusion that is not stated in the paper. References to the literature must not be cited in the Abstract (except in rare instances, such as modification of a previously published method). Likewise, th