英语语法第17讲 助动词(―).ppt

第17讲 助动词（一） By-- 一、情态意义表示法 1.表示“能力”和“可能” a)表示“能力”，可用can, could, be able to can既能表示现在的能力，也表示将来的能力。 Eg.Look! I can do it. I can’t do it now, but I can do it later. 17.2 情态助动词的推测性用法和非推测性用法 Thanks for your viewing! * 现在“能力”：can, be able to As I have got enough money, I can/am able to help her. Can: 某桩具体事情：eg.I can climb this cliff. 泛指一般的“能力”： He can drive a car. She can’t play the piano. 将来“能力”： 通常 will/shall be able to I’ll be able to speak German in another two months 具体某事：can Can you go and see him tomorrow morning? If I can, I will do it. 过去“能力”: could, was/were able to 肯定句： Could：一般能力 She could play the piano when she was only six. was/were able to(及managed to)：具体事件 He was able to translate the article without a dictionary. I talked a long time, and in the end managed to make her believe me. 在否定句中，could既可以表示过去一般能力，也可表示过去某具体事情的能力. I couldn’t/wasn’t able to play the piano when I was at school. b)表示“可能”，可用may, might, can, could may/might： 既可以表示现在的可能，也可表示将来的可能，might在口气上比may更委婉 现在：It may/might be true. 将来：He may/might leave tomorrow. 2.在疑问句中，用can，不用may。 Can they have missed the bus? Yes, they may have. may not重音落在助动词上，表示“不可能”，重音落在否定词上，表示“不许可” , 比较： He may not go tomorrow. He may not go tomorrow. 所以在书面语中，表示“不可能”常用can’t can/could表示现在的可能，口气上could比较委婉 That’s not mine. Whose can it be? It could be John’s. can常用于否定句和疑问句，而could不受此限。 If you don’t have a guide, you could lose your way. It can’t/couldn’t be true. Can/could the news be true? 在肯定陈述句中，may与can的比较： Can指逻辑上的可能性，may指事实上的可能性 The road can be blocked.(按逻辑可能会堵，) The road may be blocked.(可能现在正堵着，事实上) Mr Reed is in poor health. He can be ill at any time. Mr Reed looks pale. He may be ill. “may/might +have done/have been doing”,“can/could +have done”表示过去的可能。 He may/might have missed the train. She may/might have been expressing her true feelings at that moment. She can’t/couldn’t have missed the train. “might/could +have done ”可以表示本来可能发生但没有发生的，或者本来可能完成却没有完成的动作， You might have finished