药物滥用对健康影响.pptVIP

第四讲 药物滥用对健康的影响 Substance abuse, also known as drug abuse, is a patterned use of a substance (drug) in which the user consumes the substance in amounts or with methods which are harmful to themselves or others. Drug abuse has a huge range of definitions related to taking a psychoactive drug or performance-enhancing drug for a non-therapeutic or non-medical effect. All of these definitions imply a negative judgment of the drug use in question (compare with the term responsible drug use for alternative views). Some of the drugs most often associated with this term include 酒精、苯丙胺类似物、 巴比妥酸盐、 苯二氮焯类 (例如 阿普唑仑,替马西泮, 安定、 氯硝西泮)、可卡因、安眠酮、阿片样物质。 Substance dependence When an individual persists in use of alcohol or other drugs despite problems related to use of the substance, substance dependence may be diagnosed. Compulsive and repetitive use may result in tolerance to the effect of the drug and withdrawal symptoms when use is reduced or stopped. These, along with Substance Abuse are considered Substance Use Disorders. Drug misuse Drug misuse is a term used commonly for prescription medication with sedative, anxiolytic, analgesic, or stimulant properties are used for mood alteration or intoxication ignoring the fact that overdose of such medicines have serious adverse effects. Chronic use leads to a change in the central nervous system which means the patient has developed tolerance to the medicine that more of the substance is needed in order to produce desired effects. When this happens, any effort to stop or reduce the use of this substance would cause withdrawal symptoms to occur. 药物滥用(Drug Abuse) 一般是指违背了公认的医疗用途和社会规范而使用任何一种药物。这种使用往往是自行给药，因而对用药者的健康和社会都会造成一定损害。 药物滥用的概念是指长期和/或过量使用具依赖性潜力的药物，与公认医疗实践的需要无关，导致了成瘾性、精神混乱和其它异常行为。 中国目前存在的“滥用抗生素”“滥用激素”等概念，严格讲应为“药物错用”。 药物滥用的典型表现 （1）不论是药品类型，还是用药方式和地点都是不合理的； （2）没有医生指导而自我用药，这种自我用药超出了医疗范围和剂量标准； （3）使用者对该药不能自拔并有强迫性用药行为； （4）由于使用药物，而往往导致精神和身体危害、社会危害。 药物滥用的范围 （1）麻醉药品。如阿片类、可卡因类、大麻类等。 （2）精神药品。包括中枢抑制剂，如镇静催眠药；还有中枢兴奋剂，如咖啡因；此外还有致幻剂，如麦司卡林、LSD等。 （3）挥发