国际社会农业灾害防御及应对战略.pdfVIP

国际社会农业灾害防御及 国际社会农业灾害防御及 应对战略 应对战略 - International Prevention and Strategy - International Prevention and Strategy for Agricultural Disaster for Agricultural Disaster 联合国粮农组织驻华代表处 张忠军 联合国粮农组织驻华代表处 张忠军 Assistant FAO Representative Zhang Zhongjun Assistant FAO Representative Zhang Zhongjun 主要内容(Outline) 主要内容(Outline) 灾害的类型– Typology of disasters 灾害的类型– 灾害发生率– Incidence of disasters 灾害发生率– 灾害的影响– Impact of disasters 灾害的影响– 减轻农业灾害易受害性及风险的战略 减轻农业灾害易受害性及风险的战略 – Strategy for reducing vulnerability to – S and risk of natural disasters 灾害的类型 灾害的类型 — Typology of disasters — Typology of disasters 引起原因(Causes): 引起原因(Causes): 1. 地球物理：地震、海啸、火山活动与喷发 - Geophysical: earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic activity and emissions 2. 水文气象：水灾、热带旋风、风暴潮和干旱 可能会给农业和粮食生产造成更为广泛 和实质性的损害 Hydro-meteorological: floods, tropical cyclones, storm surges, and drought more widespread and substantial impacts on agriculture and food related activities 灾害发生率 灾害发生率 — Incidence of disasters — Incidence of disasters 1987 – 2006 水文气象灾害大幅增加： – Significant increase of Hydro-meteorological disasters • 1987 – 1998: 年均报告 195起 (the number of reported disasters annually) • 2000 – 2006: 年均报告365起； • 2000 – 2007: 平均每年受气候灾害影响的人口高于2.3亿 – more than 230 million people affected annually by disasters 其中98% 以上来自发展中国家 – more than 98% were from developing countries; 2008: 全球有23万6千多人在300多起灾害中丧生，2亿多人受到 直接影