膳食脂肪的餐后代谢与脂蛋白脂肪酶研究进展.pdfVIP

※专题论述 食品科学 2015, Vol.36, No.09 235 膳食脂肪的餐后代谢与脂蛋白脂肪酶研究进展 黄 海，米 杨，田苗苗，郭雅萍，葛逸飞，李博杰，廖 然 （上海大学生命科学学院，上海 200444 ） 摘  要：餐后膳食脂肪的代谢涉及到多个方面，主要包括消化道中的消化过程、细胞内乳糜微粒的形成和转运、血 脂的消化和乳糜微粒残粒的清除。消化道中的多种酶将膳食脂肪消化成游离的长链脂肪酸，然后通过小肠细胞的多 种蛋白将其进行跨膜转运吸收到细胞内，重新形成甘油三酯并和多种脂蛋白形成乳糜微粒。新组装的乳糜微粒携带 膳食来源的甘油三酯转运到血液中，经毛细血管内皮表面附着的脂蛋白脂肪酶的催化形成脂肪酸，游离的脂肪酸被 周围组织细胞吸收，残粒和多余的脂肪酸被肝细胞吸收。研究表明脂蛋白脂肪酶是血脂清除和组织摄入脂肪酸的限 速酶，它的表达在转录和转译等多个不同水平上严格控制，以应对不同的生理信号刺激。如果膳食脂肪的代谢调控 出现问题，将会导致高甘油三酯血症，诱发心血管疾病、胰岛素抵抗和肥胖等相关疾病。 关键词：膳食脂肪；脂蛋白脂肪酶；乳糜微粒；脂肪酸 Metabolism of Postprandial Dietary Fat and Lipoprotein Lipase HUANG Hai, MI Yang, TIAN Miaomiao, GUO Yaping, GE Yifei, LI Bojie, LIAO Ran (School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China) Abstract: The metabolism of postprandial fat is complex. It involves several processes of dietary fat including digestion in alimentary canal, cellular synthesis and translocation of chylomicron, hydrolysation of plasma triglyceride and clearance of remnant. Fat-digesting enzymes in the digestive tract catalyze the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol to free long-chain fatty acids that are transported across the plasma membrane of enterocytes by many kinds of proteins. In enterocytes, long-chain fatty acids are esterificated to form triacylglycerol and packed into chylomicron with some lipoproteins. The newly assembled chylomicrons carry the triacylglycerol from the diet and translocate into blood circulation. The plasma triacylglycerol is hydrolyzed into fatty acids by lipoprotein lipase attached to the capillary endothelium and utilized by surrounded tissue. The remnant and residual fatty acids will be recycled by hepatic cells. Because lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is the rate-limiting enzyme for plasma tr