英语四级(CET4)语法复习文档.doc

CET4语法复习之一　　动宾一致　　英语语法规定，用于宾语的词语应使用它们的宾格。能够用做宾语的词类中只有人称代词有特别的宾格形式，其他词类如名词原形即可用于宾格，无须变化。词与词之间的固定搭配属于英语的惯用法。一些动词与它们用于宾语的名词之间也存在固定搭配现象。　　【例如】　　to acquire knowledge　　获得知识　　to get a job　　获得工作　　to obtain a position　　获得工作 ( 语气较庄重 )　　to achieve success　　获得成功　　to gain reputation　　获得声誉　　to attain ones end　　达到目的　　to do sb. a favor　　请帮忙　　这类惯用法没有太多的章法可循 , 只有在平时的阅读中多看，多记。　　时态一致　　时态一致　　1) 并列谓语的时态一致。　　【例如】 Yesterday I went shopping, bought some books and had dinner at a good restaurant.　　The soldier looked at him, exchanged glances with his comrade and took out the gun.　　2) 主从复合句的时态一致。　　a) 主句为现在时、将来时、现在完成时，宾语从句谓语动词时态按情况而定。　　【例如】　　I wonder what will happen tomorrow.　　I wonder what happened to him yesterday.　　I wonder what is happening now outside.　　b) 主句为过去时态，宾语从句一般用过去时态。如果宾语从句说明的是客观真理，用一般现在时。　　【例如】　　He told me he made a big mistake.　　He told me he would go to Beijing the next day.　　He told he had finished his task.　　The teacher told students that the earth moves around the sun.( 客观真理 )　　3) 定语从句和比较状语从句时态不受主句影响。　　【例如】　　The universits where she is studying was founded in 1950.　　You now speak English better than you spoke it last year.　　4) 时间和条件状语从句中，常用现在时表示将来。　　【例如】　　We will cancel our trip if it rains tomorrow.　　I will go to visit the Summer Palace as soon as I arrive in Beijing .　　集合名词的主谓一致　　集合名词作主语时，主谓一致关系是一个较为复杂的问题。对此类问题我们可以从“数”的角度分为四类。　　1) 单数—复数型。凡是有复数词尾变化形式的集合名词都属于此类。如： a class — classes; a family — families; a government—governments; an army—armies; a people—peoples; a group—groups; a crowd—crowds; a crew — crews 等。这类集合名词强调的是整体性，即当作一个整体或多个整体来看待。属于这类集合名词的单数作主语时，谓语动词用单数；复数形式作主语时，谓语动词用复数。　　【例如】　　A big crowd often gathers on the square every morning.　　The government has decided to pass the bill.　　There are huge crowds in the streets on Sunday.　　There are many English-speaking peoples in the world.　　但应注意，这类集合名词的单数形式有时表示复数概念，所以这些集合名词的单数形式也可归为“单复同形型”中。　　2) 单数型。这类集合名词表示的是人或事物的整体，即把这类人或事物的全部包括在内，所以只有单数形式。如作主语，谓语动词常用单数。这类名词常见的有： humani