专业四级英语语法.doc

??状语从句 一、地点状语从句 ????1. 地点状语从句通常由 where, wherever 等引导。例如： ????I found my key where I had left it. ????2. 有时某些地点状语从句含有条件关系。例如： ????Where there is a will, there is a way. ????、条件状语从句 ????1. 条件状语从句通常由 if, unless, in case, as / so long as, provided that, providing that, suppose that, supposing that, on condition that 等引导。例如： ????Would you give this letter to John if you happen to see him this evening? ????2. 条件状语从句中不能用将来时，其将来意义用现在时来表示。例如： ????If it is fine tomorrow, well go hunting. ????3. 注意 unless 与 if … not 的区别：虽然 unless 与 if … not 的意思一样，但 unless 只能用于真实条件句，而 if … not 除了可用于真实条件句之外，还可用于非真实条件句。例如： ????Unless you try, you will never succeed. = If you dont try, you will never succeed. ????If he were not present now, I would go away. （非真实条件句） ????、原因状语从句 ????1. 原因状语从句通常由 because, since, as, for, now that 等引导。 ????2. 注意 because /as / since /for 的区别：由于 because 要比 since / as 的语气强，因此，只有它可以用来回答 why 引起的问句，还可用于强调句型中。 since 相当于 now that ，表示“既然”。 for 不是从属连词，而是并列连词，连接的是并列分句，当它表示因果关系时，可与 because 互换，但它连接的分句不能置于句首；此外，它还可以用来表示对前面分句的内容进行补充说明或推断。例如： ????－ Why are you late again? ????－ Because I got up too late this morning. ????It was because he got up too late that he missed the first bus. ????It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning. ????4. “ be ＋情感形容词”后面的原因状语从句要用 that 来引导。例如： ????I am pleased that you have decided to see me. ????I am sorry that I broke your mirror. ????、结果状语从句 ????1. 结果状语从句通常由 so that, so … that, such … that 等引导。例如： ????She told us such an interesting story that we all forgot the time. ????2. 注意 so … that 与 such … that 的区别：在这两个结构中 so 修饰副词和形容词，而 such 修饰名词；若名词前面有 many, much, little, few 等时，则用 so 。此外，当 such 修饰的是带有形容词的单数可数名词时，可用 so … that 来代替 such … that ，这时不定冠词的位置应在形容词之后；若表示强调，则可将 so 或 such 移到句首，主句采用部分倒装的形式。例如： ????He was so angry that he left the room without saying a word. = So angry was he that he left the room without saying a word. ????This is such a beautiful chair that Im thinking of buying it. = This is so beaut