科技英语passive_voice.pptVIP

科技英语被动语态的特点及翻译 First of all, the preparation for giving the injection must be carried out. In selecting the medication, it must be triple checked to ensure that the right medication and dosage is being given. This is done by checking the order against the medication card, against the label on the drug container. 作者选用了第三人称作为每句的主语, 突出了作者陈述的重点是动作和事实,而不是作者本人。如果将这些被动句改成主动句型, 则无法达到这个目的和效果。 被动语态的使用特点 1)叙述规则和一般原理。例如: (1) The pressure that makes electrons flow along wires is called “voltage”. 使电子沿着导线流动的压力称为“电压”。 (2) Many car engines are cooled by water. 许多汽车发动机都是用水冷却的。 2）当不必要说出主动者或无法说出主动者时，例如: The mechanism of fever production is not completely understood. 人们还不完全清楚发烧产生的机理。 3）为强调受动者，使其位置鲜明、突出时，例如: A knowledge of statistics is required by every type of scientist for the analysis of data. 各类科学家要分析数据，都需要有统计学知识。 4）语篇的连贯要求使用被动语态。如: He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. 5）带情态动词(should, must)的被动语态特别常用于说明书、操作规程、程序建议和注意事项等资料中。例如: The machines should be handled with great care. 这些机器应小心轻放。 The surface must be cleaned. 表面必须清扫干净。 被动语态的翻译 1·转换成汉语主动句的译法 英语被动语句常常转换成汉语主动句, 如果英语被动句中的主语为无生命的名词,又不出现由介词by引导的行为主体时, 往往可译为汉语的主动句。有下列几种情况: 1) 原主语仍译为主语,后面直接跟相应的主动态动词 A new device was put in the chimney and so no harmful dirty smoke spread out. 一种新的装置装入了烟囱,从而有害的污烟便不再冒出来。 The human AIDS viruses are descended from simian pathogens known as SIVS. 人类的艾滋病病毒源于类人猿的称作SIVS的病原菌。 Researchers thought culturally transmitted behavior was limited to humans and chimpanzees. 研究者过去认为，行为的文化性传播只发生在人类和黑猩猩身上。 2）原文中的主语在译文中作宾语 Friction can be reduced and the life of the machine prolonged by lubrication. 润滑能减少摩擦,延长机器寿命。 Communications satellites are used for international living transmission throughout the world. 全世界都将通讯卫星用于国际间的实况转播。 3)译成汉语的无主句 汉语的无主句与英语相比是一种特殊的句型。英语被动句不需要或无法讲出动作的发出者,因此往往可译成汉语的无主句,而把原句中的主语译成宾语。必要时还可加上“人们”、“大家”等泛指性主语,有时还可在动词前加上“把、使、将”等字。如: Stroke victims should be warned to stop smoking, to exercise and control cholesterol. 应当警告脑中风患者停