科技英语阅读unit 7 背景材料.pptxVIP

Uint 7Genetic EngineeringWhat is genetic engineering?Genetic engineering(gene splicing technology and DNA recombination technology), molecular genetics is based on the theory of molecular biology and microbiological modern methods as the means, will be different sources of genes in advance according to the design blueprints, in vitro reconstruction in hybrid DNA molecules, and then into living cells, to change the original genetic characteristics of biological and get new varieties, production of new products. Genetic engineering technology for the structure and function of gene research provides a powerful method.基因工程：又称基因拼接技术和DNA重组技术，是以分子遗传学为理论基础，以分子生物学和微生物学的现代方法为手段，将不同来源的基因按预先设计的蓝图，在体外构建杂种DNA分子，然后导入活细胞，以改变生物原有的遗传特性、获得新品种、生产新产品。基因工程技术为基因的结构和功能的研究提供了有力的手段。Basic operation steps(基本操作步骤)1 Extract purpose gene （提取目的基因）2 Purpose gene and the carrier combination （目的基因与运载体结合）3 To lead purpose gene into receptor cells （将目的基因导入受体细胞）4 Purpose gene detection and expression（目的基因的检测和表达）Genetic engineering memorabilia from collectors around the world（基因工程大事记）1. 1860 to 1870 Austrian scholars Mendel according to the genetic factors pea hybrids put forward the concept, and sums up the Mendelian genetics laws. 1860至1870年 奥地利学者孟德尔根据豌豆杂交实验提出遗传因子概念，并总结出孟德尔遗传定律。2. 1909 Danish botanist and geneticists Johnson first put forward gene, the term for the expression Mendelian genetics concept. 1909年 丹麦植物学家和遗传学家约翰逊首次提出“基因”这一名词，用以表达孟德尔的遗传因子概念。3. In 1944, three American scientists bacteria isolated DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), and the discovery of DNA, the genetic material life is to bring the molecules. 1944年 3位美国科学家分离出细菌的DNA（脱氧核糖核酸），并发现DNA是携带生命遗传物质的分子。4. In 1953 the United States Watson and British crick put forward through the experiment of DNA molecules of the double helix model. 1953年 美国人沃森和英国人克里克通过实验提出了DNA分子的双螺旋模型。5. In 1969 scientists successfully separated the first gene. In 1980 scientists first created the world the first genetically modified animal transgenic mi