医学英语写作 第二次课 Part 2 Titles of Papers.docVIP

Part 2 Titles of Papers 1. Functions of titles Titles of biomedical journal articles have two functions: to identify the main topic or the message of the paper and to attract readers. 2. Contents of Titles for Hypothesis–Testing Papers 2.1 Stating the Topic in the Title The standard title of a biomedical research paper is a phrase that identifies the topic of the paper. For a hypothesis-testing paper, the topic includes three pieces of information: independent variable(s) (X), dependent variable(s) you observed or measured (Y), and the animal or population and the material on which you did the work (Z). If necessary, two other pieces of information may also be included in the title: the condition of the animals or subjects during the study and the experimental approach. Titles for papers that have both independent (X) and dependent variables (Y) For studies that have both independent and dependent variables, the standard form of the title is Effect of X on Y in Z. Look at the following examples: 例6-2-1 Effect of β–Endorphin (β内啡肽) on breathing movements in fetal sheep（研究对象） 例6-2-2 Effect of common polymorphisms 多态性of theβ2–adrenergic receptorβ2肾上腺素能受体 on agonist-mediated 激动剂介导的vascular desensitization减敏作用 (in humans) 说明：如果标题中没有提及研究对象，则研究对象意为一般人群，通常在标题中被省略。 例6-2-3 Effects of esmolol艾司洛尔 on airway function in patients who have asthma 说明：如果研究对象为特殊人群，则必须标注特殊人群的具体状况 Titles for papers that have only dependent variables（因变量） For hypothesis-testing studies that have only dependent variables, the standard form of the title is Y in Z. Take for example: 例6-2-4 Dynamics of the chest wall （因变量）in preterm infants（研究对象） 例6-2-5 Prognostic importance of elevated jugular venous pressure颈静脉压 and a third heart sound（因变量） in patients with heart failure （研究对象） 2.2 Stating the Message in the Title Traditionally, the title of a biomedical research paper states the topic of the paper. But if the paper has a strong, unambiguous (clear) message supported by strong, unequivocal evi