医学英语呼吸系统.pptVIP

Thank you ! Medical Terminology（3） The Respiratory System 呼吸系统 刘帅 研究生英语教研室（综合楼110） Introduction of the Respiratory system The main function of the respiratory system is to provide oxygen to body cells for energy metabolism and to eliminate carbon dioxide, a byproduct of metabolism. Because these gases must be carried to and from the cells in the blood, the respiratory system works closely with the cardiovascular system to accomplish gas exchange. The Lung: Exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood takes place in the lungs, two cone-shaped organs located in the thoracic cavity. A double membrane, the pleura(胸膜), covers the lungs and lines the thoracic cavity. The outer layer that is attached to the wall of the thoracic cavity is the parietal pleura(胸膜壁层); the inner layer that is attached to the surface of the lungs is the visceral pleura(胸膜脏层). The very thin, fluid-filled space between the two layers of the pleura is the pleural space(胸膜腔). Upper Respiratory Passageway： Air enters through the nose, where it is warmed, filtered, and moistened as it passes over the hair- covered mucous membranes of the nasal cavity. Cilia(纤毛), microscopic hair-like projections from the cells that line the nose, sweep dirt and foreign material toward the throat for elimination. Material that is eliminated from the respiratory tract by coughing or clearing the throat is called sputum(痰). Inhaled air passes into the throat, or pharynx(咽), where it mixes with air that enters through the mouth and also with food destined for the digestive tract. The pharynx is divided into three regions: (1) an upper portion, the nasopharynx(鼻咽), behind the nasal cavity;(2) a middle portion, the oropharynx(口咽), behind the mouth; and (3) a lower portion, the laryngeal pharynx(喉咽), behind the larynx. The palatine tonsils(腭 扁桃体) are on either side of the soft palate(软腭) in the oropharynx; the pharyngeal tonsils, or adenoids(咽扁桃体 ), are in the