【精选】eslp025unit12.pdfVIP

Unit Twelve / æ   a / tummy Tammy Tommy Betty tatami* *Japanese word meaning mat In Unit Eight we looked at the differences between æ and  (bat/bet). In this Unit, we will review and practice those sounds as well as contrasting them with three others: /  a/. The first of these two are common English sounds found in words such as but and caught (some English dialects will distinguish the difference between caught and cot; this workbook does not). The third one, /a/, is usually found in borrowed words from other languages such as Paris (/pari/) and Japanese words like sake (rice wine /sake/) (English does have /a/, but it is found in the diphthong /ay/ or /a/ ). North American native- English speakers will often substitute other vowels for /a/. For example, the Japanese city of Yokohama might be pronounced /yokohæm/; sayonara (Japanese for goodbye) /sayonr/; and Paris /priy/. Most languages have the /a/ vowel, and often a non-native speaker of English will substitute it for /æ/. So, an English learner might say the word batter as /batr/, but a native speaker /bætr/. This difference usually doesnt cause any problems in comprehension for the listener unless there is a confusion with another word such as butter /btr/. In other words, a learner should realize that there might be some confusion between words such as bat, but, and bought if care is not taken. In the vowel chart below, the proximity of these vowels can be seen: The Vowels Front Central Back (unrounded) (unrounded) (rounded) of English high tense iy beat u boot lax  bit  book mid tense y bait  the