【精选】Lecture.11 心理语言学.pptVIP

Sentence Comprehension Parsing Immediacy Principle Parsing Strategies Modular vs. Interactive Models Parsing One view of comprehending sentences is that part of understanding the meaning of a sentence involves parsing it into its syntactic constituents This results in some type of representation of these constituents in working memory; e.g., an analog of a tree diagram; see Figure 6-1 on p. 131 When we encounter the word “the” we recognize that it is a determiner and typically indicates the beginning of a noun phrase; NP det + (adj) + N After reading or hearing “the” we are expecting an adjective or a noun This process is a series of decisions; it is a type of problem solving Immediacy Principle Just Carpenter (1980) theorized that when we encounter a word we access its meaning from LTM, identify its referent, and fit it into the syntactic structure of a sentence, called the immediacy principle The alternative is to postpone interpretation of the word and/or phrase until there is more information, called the wait-and-see approach Because the # of decisions that need to be made for a typical sentence is very large, it seems logical to deal with each decision as it appears, rather that stacking the problems up for later (1) John bought flowers for Susan If we wait-and-see, we have 2 interpretations to hold Parsing Strategies Late Closure Strategy: Whenever possible, attach new items to the current constituent; reduces the burden on WM during parsing (5) Tom said that Bill had taken the cleaning out yesterday. (7) Since Jay always jogs a mile seems like a very short distance to him Minimal Attachment Strategy Attach new items into the phrase marker being constructed using the fewest syntactic nodes e.g., (9) (10); see Figure 6-2, p. 134; Frazier Rayner (1982) found that reading times were faster for (9) than for (10); this is because building an additional constituent takes more time than attaching it to the current constituent Modular vs. Interactive Models