语体与语域.ppt

语体与语域 语体（Style/Linguistic Style） “同一语言品种(标准语、方言、社会方言等)使用者在不同的场合中典型地使用该语言品种的变体。” (程雨民, 《英语语体学》，1989) 语域（Register） A style associated with a language communication occasion; it is a form of language used in a specific language environment and taking certain features. 情景因素(Ghadessy, 1993) 1）语场 (field of discourse) nature, content and functions of communication 2）语式 (mode of discourse) internal organization, cohesion and coherence of discourse 3）语旨 (tenor of discourse) permanent or temporary relations between the speakers 变体（Varieties） 1．Regional Varieties (地域变体，指按地域划分的同一种语言的方言形式)； 2．Social Varieties (社会变体，指由于使用人群不同而出现的术语、行话等形式)； 3．Written Varieties (书面变体，指根据场合不同而表现出来的口语和书面语形式)； 4．Stylistic Varieties (风格变体，指由于语域差异而区分的不同风格语体，如公文、科技、法律等)。 Examples for Analysis The defendant wishes to inform the court that he is innocent. The defendant wants to tell you he didnt do it. The company cannot ascertain why this has happened. We are not in a position to explain the decline in price, but we do not reckon that the trend will continue. Well, as I told them at the meeting this morning, you can’t tell why that’s happened. Now, you just can’t explain this drop in price, but I don’t think it’s going to go on. The company cannot ascertain why this has happened. We are not in a position to explain the decline in price, but we do not reckon that the trend will continue. 我公司尚难确定事情发生的原因。对于价格下跌我方不能做出解释, 但我方认为此趋势将不会继续。 Well, as I told them at the meeting this morning, you can’t tell why that’s happened. Now, you just can’t explain this drop in price, but I don’t think it’s going to go on. (啊),就像今天上午我告诉他们的那样, 你们不能说清为什么发生那事。(这个), 你们不能解释价格下跌的原因, 不过我想它不会继续下跌。 Varieties Make Things Complex 讲起今时今日香港商业的表现，确是不尽如人意。好像我们这些饮食生意，都是好难做的。没办法啦，世道艰难，现在香港人个个都过得比较辛苦，冇钱都是去茶餐厅吃，好少帮衬我们这些大酒楼。不过我对香港还是好有信心的。真正热爱香港的香港人绝对不会希望唱衰香港。返观特区政府，其实都俾足心机重振香港经济。中央政府对我们也非常关心，好像自由行啦，CEPA啦，都刺激了香港的商业。现在好多来酒楼吃饭的都是大陆客，我都好想他们多点来香港走动，帮我们把生意做大做旺。 Indonesia – China bilateral trade has experienced a moderate deficit betwe