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大学英语快速阅读College English.1附习题8RATS HAVE HEAD FOR LANGUAGE.
Rats Have Head for LanguageResearchers in Spain reported that animals, especially mammals ( nf^L^D), evolved some of the skills underlying the use and development of language long before language itself ever evolved.It is the first time that an animal other than a human or monkey has been shown to have this skill.For their study neuroscientist Juan Toro and his colleagues at Barcelonas Scientific Park tested 64 adult male rats. They used Dutch and Japanese because these languages were used in earlier, similar tests, and because they are very different from one another in use of words, rhythm and structure.The rats were trained to respond to either Dutch or Japanese using food as a reward. Then they were separated into four groups — one that heard each language spoken by a native, one that heard synthesized ()speech, one that heard sentences read in either language by different speakers and a fourth that heard the languages played backwards. Rats rewarded for responding to Japanese did not respond to Dutch and rats trained to recognize Dutch did not respond to spoken Japanese. The rats could not tell apart Japanese or Dutch played backwards.Results showed that rats could discriminate natural sentences when uttered by a single speaker and not when uttered by different ones, nor could they distinguish the languages when spoken by different people. Human newborns have the same problem, although tamarinsC ) can easily tell languages apart even when spoken by different people.It was striking to find that rats can track certain information that seems to be so important in language development in humans.The study shows which abilities that humans use for language are shared with other animals, and which are uniquely human. Lt also suggests what sorts of evolutionary precursors ( fuJl ) language might have.Choose the best answers to the following questions.64 adult male rats have been tested toshow that.rats can be trained to speak Japanese and Dutchratshave some of the skil
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