了解Internet的起源.pptVIP

Computer English The Internet: Technology Background The Internet provides around 400 million people around the world (and over 170 million people in the United States) with services such as e-mail, newsgroups, shopping, research, instant messaging, music, videos, and news. No one organization controls the Internet or how it functions, nor is it owned by anybody, yet it has provided the infrastructure for a transformation in commerce, scientific research, and culture. The original purpose of the Internet, when it was conceived in the late 1960s, was to link together large mainframe computers on college campuses. This kind of one-to-one communication between campuses was previously only possible through the telephone system or postal mail. Once the concept of the Internet had been proven in several government-supported demonstration projects, the Department of Defense contributed a million dollars to develop the concepts and demonstration projects into a robust military communications system that could withstand nuclear war. This effort created what was then called ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network). In 1986, the National Science Foundation assumed responsibility for the development of a civilian Internet (then called NSFNet) and began a ten-year-long $200 million expansion program. 8.2.6 WHO GOVERNS THE INTERNET? In addition to these professional bodies, the Internet must also conform to the laws of the sovereign nation-states in which it operates, as well as the technical infrastructures that exist within the nation-state. Although in the early years of the Internet and the Web there was very little legislative or executive interference, this situation will change in the near future as the Internet plays a growing role in the distribution of information and knowledge, including content that some find objectionable. 除了这些专业团体，因特网还必须符合所在的主权民族国家的法律,和这个民族国家存在的技术基础。虽然因特网和万维网在早年很少受到司法与或行政干涉,这种情形在不久的将来就会改变，因为因特网在传播信息和知识方面扮演越来越重要的角色,包括一些有人反对的内容。 sover