2018年高三英语一轮总复习 专题2.3 Computers（测试练习）（含解析）.docVIP

专题2.3 Computers 【测试与练习】 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 A Decisionmaking under Stress A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative(负面的) consequences of a decision. The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways. “Stress affects how people learn，” says Professor Mara Mather.“People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.” For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像)with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadnt gone through the stress. This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress—at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled. The research also found that stress appears to affect decisionmaking differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different. Men who had been stressed by the coldwater task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risktaking can pay off big, men may tend to do better; when caution weighs more, howev