500份痰标本细菌培养与药敏试验结果研究.doc

500份痰标本细菌培养与药敏试验结果研究 　　[摘要] 目的 了解我院呼吸道感染患者痰标本细菌感染的分布和对药物敏感情况。 方法 收集500例住院患者痰标本接种于巧克力平板、血琼脂平板和伊红美蓝平板作细菌培养，并用API细菌鉴定及MIC药物药敏试验。 结果 500例标本中共检出426株细菌（85.2%），致病菌主要为肺炎链球菌、白色念珠菌、肺炎克雷伯杆菌、大肠埃希菌等细菌。致病细菌对氧氟沙星、丁胺卡那霉素耐药率低，而对青霉素和红霉素耐药率较高。 结论 抗生素的滥用使病原菌耐药率高，不同病原菌对不同抗生素的敏感性和耐药性各不相同，应根据药敏结果选择药物。 [关键词] 呼吸道感染；细菌分布；药敏试验 [中图分类号] R446.5 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 2095-0616（2013）24-121-02 Analysis of bacterial culture and drug-sensitivity test in 500 sputum samples ZHANG Min LU Shaohua Department of Clinical Laboratory，Donggang Center Hospital，Donggang 118300，China [Abstract] Objective To investigate the bacterial distribution and drug-sensitivity of sputum samples in patients with respiratory tract infection. Methods The sputum specimens of 500 hospitalized patients were collected and inoculated in chocolate plates，blood agar and eosin methylene blue plates for bacterial culture，and the bacteria were identified with API system and drug-sensitive test was MIC method. Results 426 strains of bacteria were identified in 500 samples，the positive rate was 85.2%，the mainly pathogenic bacterium were Streptococcus pneumonia bacteria， Candida albicans，Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli，respectively； which had high drug resistance rate for penicillin and erythromycin，and low drug resistance for ofloxacin and amikacin. Conclusion In recent years，the drug-resistance rate is higher as the misuse of antibiotics，and different pathogens have different susceptibility and resistance for different antibiotics； therefore，the choice of drugs should be based on drug-sensitivity test. [Key words] Respiratory tract infection；Bacterial distribution；Drug-sensitivity test 呼吸道感染是一种严重的感染性疾病，痰标本的细菌培养和药敏试验对呼吸道感染的诊断有重要意义，其对目前临床上治疗呼吸系统感染显得特别重要，尤其是对于反复发作的严重呼吸道感染的患者。因此，本研究收集本院2010年9月～2013年9月的住院的500例呼吸道感染患者痰标本，并进行细菌培养和药敏分析，目的是为临床上合理使用抗生素提供参考依据和指导。 1 资料与方法 1.1 一般资料 500例痰标本来自我院2010年9月～2013年9月期间呼吸道感染住院患者，男278例，女222例，年龄5～70岁。收集患者清晨漱口后咳出的痰标本，置于无菌痰杯内，并及时送检。 1.2 细菌培养与鉴定 将痰标本接种于巧克力平板、血琼脂平板和伊红美蓝平板