Organic Chemistry - San Dieguito Union High School ….ppt

Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Organic chemistry is the chemistry of compounds containing carbon. The Bonding of Carbon Because carbon has four valence electrons, it can form four covalent bonds. Hydrocarbons The simplest organic compounds are hydrocarbons, compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen. (see Figure 24.2) Hydrocarbons The simplest organic compounds are hydrocarbons, compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen. (see Figure 24.2) Hydrocarbons The simplest organic compounds are hydrocarbons, compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen. (see Figure 24.2) Alkanes The alkanes are acyclic, saturated hydrocarbons that form a homologous series of compounds, with the general formula CnH2n+2. Alkanes The structural formulas for the first four straight-chain (or normal) alkanes are shown below. Alkanes Chemists often use condensed structural formulas, where the bonds around each carbon atom are not explicitly written. Alkanes The alkanes constitute a homologous series of compounds in which one compound differs from a preceding one by a fixed group of atoms, in this case, a –CH2– group. Alkanes The alkanes constitute a homologous series of compounds in which one compound differs from a preceding one by a fixed group of atoms, in this case, a –CH2– group. Constitutional Isomerism and Branched-Chain Alkanes In addition to straight-chain alkanes, branched-chain alkanes are possible. Constitutional Isomerism and Branched-Chain Alkanes In addition to straight-chain alkanes, branched-chain alkanes are possible. Cycloalkanes The cycloalkanes are cyclic, saturated hydrocarbons that form another homologous series with the general formula CnH2n in which the carbon atoms are joined in a ring. Cycloalkanes The cycloalkanes are cyclic, saturated hydrocarbons that form another homologous series with the general formula CnH2n in which the carbon atoms are joined in a ring. Sources and Uses of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes Fossil fuels are the principal source of all type