Numerical Simulation of the Multi―Level Air―Gun Array Based on Over-Under Source.docVIP

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Numerical Simulation of the Multi―Level Air―Gun Array Based on Over-Under Source.doc

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Numerical Simulation of the Multi―Level Air―Gun Array Based on Over-Under Source

Numerical Simulation of the Multi―Level Air―Gun Array Based on Over/Under Source 　　[a]College of Information and Control Engineering， China University of Petroleum （East China）， Qingdao， China. [b]China Oilfield Services Limited， Tianjin， China. *Corresponding auhtor. Received 15 April 2013； accepted 3 Augutst 2013 Abstract The conventional air-gun array is made of all guns at the same depth. This array is arranged in a simple way. It is easy to operate. But the ghost effect is obvious. And the ghost will limit the effective seismic bandwidth. Using the over/under source， we can attenuate the ghosts generated at the source side. Based on the over/under source， this paper proposes the multi-level source which consists sub-arrays placing at different depths and firing them in a sequence. This makes the notch frequencies of the sub-arrays different. After superposition， it can attenuate the source ghost. The sub-arrays in different depths are regarded as the over/under sources. Then we separate the up-going and down-going events. Data test proved that the algorithm can indeed attenuate the ghost included in the far-field wavelet， which extends the effective bandwidth and benefits low and high frequencies. Key words： Air-gun array； Over/under source； Multi-level source； Source ghost； Numerical simulation LI Zhe， WANG Haikun （2013）. Numerical Simulation of the Multi-Level Air-Gun Array Based on Over/Under Source. Energy Science and Technology， 6（1）， -0. Available from： URL： http：///index.php/est/article/view/10.3968/j.est.1923847920130601.2613 DOI： http：///10.3968/j.est.1923847920130601.2613 Introduction The air-gun array is widely used nowadays as a source in towed streamer seismic survey. The array pattern can be used to attenuate the ghost caused by a source. Based on the single air-gun theory model of seismic exploration， a numerical simulation of the wavelet was conducted for the single air-gun and the air-gun array. Keller and Kolo