导数与微分的应用举例.doc

江西师范大学数学与信息科学学院 学士学位论文 导数与微分的应用举例 Examples of applications of the derivative and differential 姓 名：吴文才 学 号：0707010193 学 院：数信学院 专 业：数学与应用数学 班 级：07数学（3）班 指导老师：桂国祥 (讲师） 完成时间：2011年2月22日 导数与微分的应用 吴文才 【摘要】本文通过对导数与微分的基本理论来解决数学中的相关问题，通过例题从简单应用和综合应用来说明导数与微分的应用，如在函数单调性、极值，不等式证明、实际问题应用介绍，还有在高等数学中运用导数与微分求不定式极限的介绍。同样在实际中利用微分把非线性函数线性化，复杂的计算简单化，把导数引入经济学, 使经济学研究的对象从常量进入变量, 可以说运动进入了经济学,,辩证法进入了经济学, 这在经济学的发展史上具有重要的意义。来说明导数与微分的重要性，以及在数学生活领域的广泛应用。 【关键词】导数 微分 函数 极值 近似值 Examples of applications of the derivative and differential Wu wen cai 【Abstract】 Based on the basic theories of differential and derivative, this paper aims to solve the questions related in mathematics and make an illustration of the application of derivative and differential through the simple application and comprehensive application by instances, such as introduction of application in functional monotonic, extreme, inequality proof and practical questions, and to introduce the methods of using derivatives and differential in higher mathematics to solve questions of quadrate infinitive limit. As well as mineralizing the nonlinear function and the simplification of complex calculation by differential in practice, introducing derivative into the economics research to turn the objects from constant into variables, thus movements and dialectics entering economics, which is a landmark with a vital significance in the history of Economics. The importance of derivative and differential, along with the wide application in mathematics and daily life will both be illustrated in this paper. 【Keywords】derivative differentia functions extreme approximation 目录 1 引言 1 2 预备知识 2 3导数与微分的应用 6 3.1导数在函数中的应用 6 3.1.1求函数极值和最值 6 3.1.2求函数的解析式 8 3.1.3判断函数的周期性，奇偶性 9 3.1.4求曲线的切线 9 3.1.5导数的定义求极限 11 3.2导数解决不等式问题 12 3.2.1构造辅助证明不等式 12 3.2.2构造辅助求不等式参数的范围 14 3.2.3微分中值定理解决