毕业设计（论文）-液体点滴速度监控装置 (2).docVIP

液体点滴速度监控装置 摘要 本设计以单片机为控制核心，采用数字调节器的算法，结合现场总线技术组成了一个小型集散过程控制系统。液滴速度检测传感器与单片机形成闭环回路，通过控制步进电机来改变滴斗高度，从而达到改变和监视液滴速度目的。该系统主从结构由一个主站和多个从站组成。主站功能包含键盘输入、数据通讯、液晶显示、报警查询、实时数据打印及时钟日历等；从站功能包含键盘输入、传感器检测、单片机数据采集、数据处理、数据输出（控制、通信、液晶显示与报警）、执行机构及时钟日历等。主站与从站之间采用RS-485现场总线进行通讯，可靠性高。由于系统中采用了液晶中文显示，极大的改善了人机界面，提高了显示质量，便于用户操作。 【关键字】单片机 数字调节器 现场总线 中文液晶显示 Abstract In this design, because single-chip is used as the control core, algorithm of the digital regulator is employed and the field bus technology is integrated, a small DCS process control system has been made up of. The detecting sensor of dripping speed forms the closed-loop system together with the single-chip which controls the step motor to adjust the height of the dropping funnel, so the aim to change and monitor the dripping speed can be achieved. The principal and subordinate structure of the system consists of a master station and multi passive stations. The functions of the master station include keyboard input, data communication, LCD display, alarm enquiry, realtime data printing and clock and calendar, etc. The functions of the passive station include keyboard input, sensor detecting, single-chip data acquisition, data processing, data output (control, communication, LCD display, giving an alarm) actuators, clock and calendar, etc. The RS-485 field bus which has strong reliability has been used to communicate between the master station and passive stations. Because Chinese LCD displaying is utilized in the system, the human-computer interface and display effect have been improved greatly, being convenient to operate for users. Keywords：single-chip digital controller the field bus Chinese LCD display 一、方案比较与论证 本设计为由主站控制16个从站的监控系统，从站为按基本要求制作的点滴速度监控装置，根据题目要求将系统划分为主站与从站两大模块，两大模块之间由现场总线连接，构成有16个从站的主从监控系统。以下对系统重要部分做方案论证。 1. 从站单元 （1）系统控制方式 方案一：根据管径与液体流速的关系，采用改变管径的粗细来控制液体流速以达到控制液滴速度，即通过控制输液软管夹头的松紧来控制点滴速度。从理论上讲，这种控制方式下的系统结构相对简单。但是输液管夹子动作行程较短，广义受控对象的放大倍数太大，动作灵敏度高，控制困难，系统的稳定性不好，执行机构制作比较困难。 方案二：根据液位高度与液体流速的关系，采用改变液体液位高度来控制液滴