机械设计10第10章齿轮传动1.pptVIP

Chapter 10 Gears Gears, defined as toothed members transmitting rotary motion from one shaft to another, are among the oldest devices and inventions of man. In about 2600 B.C., the Chinese are known to have used a chariot incorporating a complex series of gears. Aristotle, in the 15th century A.D., wrote of gears as though they were commonplace. In the fifteenth century A.D., Leonardo da Vinci designed a multitude of devices incorporating many kinds of gears §10—1 Introduction I characteristic of gears Among the various means of mechanical power transmission (including primarily gears, belts and chains), gears are generally the most rugged and durable. Their power transmission efficiency is as high as 98 percent. On the other hand, gears are usually more costly than chains and belts. II Classified according to working condition ┌ Enclosed drive ┌Hard tooth HBS≤350HBS └Soft tooth HBS＞350HBS └ Exposed drive (Half exposed drive） 水泥回转窑开式齿轮传动 §10—2 Failure types and design criterions I. Failure types 1 . Breakage, fracture Brittle fracture: brittle materials; impact load or over-load Fatigue fracture：stress concentration in tooth root; repeated stresses; fatigue crack propagation Prevent fracture：Transition tooth fillet; machining precision；hardening and tempering Spur gear Helical gear Tooth fracture 2 . Tooth surface pitting (点蚀) Prevent：Increase tooth surface hardness; reduce roughness; select suitable lubricant viscosity Reason：repeated contact stresses Results：Noise or failure Position：firstly appear at tooth root surface near pitch line 3 . Tooth wear Prevent：Improve lubrication; increase tooth surface hardness; use enclosed drive Reason：grid (磨料) enters Results：tooth shape change, cause impact or tooth fracture 4 . Scoring (齿面胶合) 胶合原因：相对滑动速度大，致使温度高、润滑失效 胶合现象：两表面尖峰接触后粘结，再被撕开 冷胶合、热胶合 防止胶合：减小模数、降低齿高、提高齿面硬度、改善材料、加极压添加剂 胶合