关于王守仁的儿童教育思想及其现实思考.doc

摘 要 王守仁是明朝著名的哲学家、教育家。作为明代儒家讲学运动的著名代表和领袖人物,讲学是其一生志趣之所在和事业之中心。二十余年的讲学生涯,是王守仁保持思想活力、推动学说发展的源头活水。在长期的讲学实践中,他积累了丰富的教学经验,形成了其独特的教育思想。尤其是他关于儿童教育的观点,更有其独到之处。王守仁认为儿童时期正处在一个重要的发展时期儿童的精力、身体、智力等方面都在发展过程中，即所谓“精气日足，筋力日强，聪明日开”。因此，教学必须考虑到这个特点，儿童的接受能力发展到何种程度，便就这个程度进行教学。同样，如果不顾及儿童的实际能力，把大量的高深的知识灌输给他们，就像用一桶水倾注在幼芽上把它浸坏一样，对儿童毫无益处。同时，王守仁还认为儿童教学“授书不在徒多，但贵精熟”。因此，教学应该留有余地，“量其资禀能二百字者，止可授以一百字”，使儿童“精神力量有余”，这样他们就“无厌苦之患，而有自得之美”，不会因学习艰苦而厌学，而乐于接受教育。 王守仁的儿童教育思想，虽其目的是为了向儿童灌输封建伦理道德，即所谓“今教童子，惟当以孝、弟、忠、信、礼、义、廉、耻为专务”，但他反对“小大人式”的传统儿童教育方法和粗暴的体罚等教育手段，要求顺应儿童性情，根据儿童的接受能力施教，使他们在德育、智育、体育和美育诸方面都得到发展等主张，反映了他教育思想的自然主义倾向。 对中国封建社会后期以及近代的教育思潮产生了重大影响。的儿童教育思想是其教育思想体系中最精彩的部分,其成就在中国古代教育家中实属罕见,许多内容今天仍不乏现实意义 ABSTRACT Wang Shouren is a famous philosopher, educator in Ming dynasty. As the Ming Dynasty Confucian teaching movement known as representative and leader, lectures of his life is where the interests and career center. More than twenty years speaking career, Wang Shouren keep vitality, promote the development of the theory of springhead. In the long-term teaching practice, he accumulated a wealth of teaching experience, has formed its unique educational thinking. Especially about his childrens education, has its ones own knack in. Wang Shouren believes that children are at an important period of development, childrens energy, intelligence, physical and other aspects in the development process, the so-called essence of term, based on strong, smart, open. Therefore, teaching must take into account this characteristic, childrens receptive skills development and to what extent, on the level of teaching. Similarly, if regardless of the child s actual ability, put a lot of profound knowledge to them, like a bucket of water into the bud dipped it bad, no benefit for children. At the same time, Wang Shouren also think that children teaching award book not in the acts, but your mastery. Therefore, education should leave adequate leeway, amount of its intrinsic to two hundred characters, only can be delegated to the one hund